美国消费品安全监管制度下的禁令概述及其借鉴

摘要：

【目的】分析美国消费品安全委员会（CPSC）禁令制度的法律框架与运行机制，为我国消费品安全监管体系优化 提供借鉴。【方法】结合CPSC禁令的法律依据（《消费品安全法》《联邦危险物质法》）、发布程序（联邦法规程序与国会立 法程序）及典型案例（如倾斜式婴儿睡眠产品禁令），提炼其监管逻辑与核心特征。【结果】CPSC禁令制度具有法律授权 明确、预防性监管突出、程序科学灵活的特点，通过立法性禁令与司法性禁制令的分工，实现风险预防与紧急处置的平衡。 【结论】建议我国完善强制性安全标准与禁令程序，强化科学风险评估，聚焦高风险领域精准施策，以提升监管效能与消费 者权益保障水平。

Abstract:

[Objective] This study aims to analyze the legal framework and operational mechanisms of the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) ban system, providing insights for optimizing China’s consumer product safety regulatory framework. [Methods] By examining the legal basis of CPSC bans (Consumer Product Safety Act and Federal Hazardous Substances Act), enforcement procedures (federal regulatory and congressional legislative pathways), and representative cases (e.g. the ban on inclined infant sleep products), this study distills the regulatory logic and core features of the CPSC ban system. [Results] The CPSC ban system is characterized by clear legal authority, a preventive regulatory focus, and scientifically rigorous yet adaptable procedures. The division between legislative bans (preemptive risk mitigation) and judicial injunctions (emergency enforcement) ensures balanced risk prevention and rapid response. [Conclusion] China should enhance its mandatory safety standards and ban enforcement protocols, strengthen scientific risk assessment mechanisms, and prioritize targeted interventions in high-risk sectors to improve regulatory efficiency and consumer protection.

引用格式：张豪哲，谢志利，余健铭，等.美国消费品安全监管制度下的禁令概述及其借鉴[J].标准科学，2025(8):164-168.

基金项目：本文受国家市场监督管理总局科技计划项目“标准化对我国经济增长作用机制研究”（项目编号：2024MK191）资助。 

作者简介：张豪哲，本科，助理工程师，研究方向为缺陷产品召回、产品伤害化学分析等。 谢志利，通信作者，硕士，正高级工程师，研究方向为产品安全与召回。