还强制性标准以本来面目——以标准与法律之区分为视角

摘要：

强制性标准因其冠以“强制性”而被误认为是法律。有必要从理论上澄清这种误会，还强制性标准以本来面目。强制性标准只是标准的一种特殊类型，而非法的一种类型，法的体系中没有强制性标准的位置。强制性标准的内容是技术要求，不是法律上的权利义务，其功能作用与法律显著不同。强制性标准的“强制性”指标准的强制实施效力，而非法律的普遍约束力，标准的强制实施效力属于“外部约束”，其来自法律而非标准本身。还强制性标准以本来面目，旨在将它当做技术规范而非法律规范对待。只有这样，才能准确理解强制性标准，才能正确把握强制性标准在法律中的定位，才能在司法中规范适用强制性标准，避免混乱与差错。

Abstract:

Mandatory standards are often misunderstood as laws because they are labeled “mandatory”. It is necessary to clarify this misunderstanding theoretically and to restore the true face of mandatory standard. Mandatory standard is only a special type of standard, not a type of law, and there is no place for mandatory standard in the legal system. The content of mandatory standard is technical requirements rather than legal rights and obligations, and its function is significantly different from that of law. The “mandatory” in mandatory standards refers to the mandatory implementation effect of standards rather than the general binding force of laws. The mandatory implementation effect of standards is an “external constraint”, which comes from the law rather than the standard itself. The purpose of restoring mandatory standards is to recognize mandatory standards as standards rather than laws. So we can accurately understand mandatory standard, correctly clarify its position in the law, normatively apply it in the judiciary, and avoid misunderstanding and incorrectness.

基金项目：本文受2021年度国家社会科学基金重大项目“基于法治、国家治理和全球治理的技术法规研究”（项目编号：21&ZD192）资助。

作者简介：陈君，闽江学院法学院副教授，法学博士，研究方向为标准化法、环境法。柳经纬，中国政法大学教授，博士生导师，研究方向为标准化法、民商法。