综合减灾社区建设标准体系构建研究

摘要：

【目标】社区作为防灾减灾救灾的“最后一公里”，是最直接的承灾对象，也是灾害应对的“战线”最前端。在如 今极端灾害事件频发的全球背景下，如何强化综合减灾社区标准化建设，健全综合减灾社区建设标准体系，进一步提升社 区突发事件应对能力已成为保障经济和社会持续平稳发展的重大课题。【方法】基于第八批社会管理公共服务标准化试点 （深圳综合减灾社区创建标准化试点）经验，总结了深圳综合减灾社区标准化建设现状和困难，探讨了综合减灾社区建设 标准体系编制原则和体系架构。【结果】构建了综合减灾社区建设标准体系，阐述了标准体系涵盖的基础通用标准、运行管 理与服务标准、服务保障标准和岗位标准等4个方面的子体系内容。【结论】可为社区防灾减灾救灾工作标准化、规范化提 供科学参考。

Abstract:

[Objective] As the “last mile”s in disaster prevention, mitigation, and relief, communities are the most direct  entities bearing the brunt of disasters and also represent the forefront of disaster response. Against the current global  backdrop of increasingly frequent extreme disasters, strengthening the standardized development of comprehensive disasterreduction communities, improving the standards framework for their establishment, and further enhancing their emergency  response capabilities have become crucial tasks for ensuring sustainable and stable economic and social development.  [Methods] Drawing from the experience of the eighth batch of Social Management and Public Service Standardization Pilot  Projects (the Shenzhen Pilot Project for Standardized Construction of Comprehensive Disaster-reduction Communities), this  paper summarizes the current status and challenges of the standardized construction of comprehensive disaster-reduction communities in Shenzhen City. It explores the principles and structural framework for establishing a standardization system  for constructing these communities [Results] The study constructs such a system, and elaborates on the content of its four  sub-systems: basic and general standards, operational management and service standards, service support standards, and post  standards. [Conclusion] This provides a scientifi c reference for standardizing disaster prevention, mitigation, and relief work  in communities. 

引用格式：郭晓梅，焦圆圆，王常效，等.综合减灾社区建设标准体系构建研究[J].标准科学，2025(8):120-126.

基金项目：本文受深圳市科技创新局科技重大专项（可持续发展专项）“重202410034 重大链生自然灾害预警与智慧防控技术 研究与应用示范项目”（项目编号：KCXFZ20240903094007010）；深圳市应急管理局政府采购项目“2024年社区公 共安全风险管控指引编制及试点推广运用项目”（项目编号：SZDL2024001509-A）资助。 

作者简介：郭晓梅，硕士，工程师，研究方向为自然灾害、防灾减灾和应急管理。 焦圆圆，通信作者，硕士，正高级工程师，研究方向为防灾减灾、水利水文和应急管理。