国际标准化能力的影响研究：以信息通信行业为例

摘要：

【目的】探究信息通信企业技术引进、合作研发与专利国际化对国际标准化能力的影响及环境不确定性的调节作用。【方法】以2010—2022年29家信息通信行业上市企业面板数据为样本，以企业参与ITU发布的国际标准数量衡量国际标准化能力，以专利许可受让数量、合作产出专利数量、获得授权的PCT专利数量分别衡量技术引进、合作研发与专利国际化，以关税额刻画环境不确定性，控制研发投入、资产规模、营业收入与企业年龄，运用固定效应模型进行回归分析。【结果】技术引进、合作研发与专利国际化均显著正向影响国际标准化能力，效应大小依次为合作研发（β=2.156）、技术引进（β=1.236）、专利国际化（β=0.521）；环境不确定性对三者均具有显著正向调节作用；初创型企业3种模式均显著有效，成长型企业仅合作研发显著，成熟型企业合作研发与专利国际化显著而技术引进不显著；稳健性检验支持核心结论。【结论】信息通信企业应以合作研发为核心提升国际标准化能力。初创期企业需同时依托3种模式，成长期企业应重点构建合作研发网络，成熟期企业需强化合作研发与专利布局。政府应加大联合研发资助与海外专利布局支持力度，建立专利成果向国际标准转化的平台。

Abstract:

[Objective] The study aims to investigate the impact of technology introduction, collaborative R&D and patent internationalization on the international standardization capabilities of information and communications technology (ICT) firms, as well as the moderating role of environmental uncertainty. [Methods] Using panel data from 29 listed ICT enterprises between 2010 and 2022 as the sample, international standardization capability was measured by the number of international standards published by the ITU in which the enterprises participated. Technology introduction, collaborative R&D and patent internationalization were measured by the number of patent licences acquired, the number of patents resulting from collaboration, and the number of PCT patents granted, respectively. Environmental uncertainty was characterized by the tariff rate. while controlling for R&D expenditure, asset size, operating revenue and firm age, and employing a fixed-effects model for regression analysis. [Results] Technology introduction, collaborative R&D and patent internationalization all exert a significant positive influence on international standardization capacity, with the magnitude of the effects being, in order: collaborative R&D (β=2.156), technology introduction (β=1.236) and patent internationalization (β=0.521); environmental uncertainty exerts a significant positive moderating effect on all three; for start-up firms, all three models are significantly effective; for growth-stage firms, only collaborative R&D is significant; for mature firms, collaborative R&D and patent internationalization are significant whilst technology introduction is not; robustness tests support the core conclusions. [Conclusion] Information and communications technology enterprises should focus on collaborative R&D as the core strategy for enhancing their international standardization capabilities. Start-up enterprises need to rely on all three models simultaneously; growth-stage enterprises should prioritize the establishment of collaborative R&D networks; and mature enterprises need to strengthen collaborative R&D and patent portfolio development. The government should increase funding for joint R&D and support for overseas patent portfolio development, and establish a platform for converting patents into international standards.

引用格式：严喆，胡静. 国际标准化能力的影响研究：以信息通信行业为例[J]. 标准化学报，2026(10)：19-29.

基金项目：本文受国家社会科学基金项目“技术标准联盟视角下企业科技自立自强的差异化路径”（项目编号：23BGL079）资助。

作者简介：严喆，硕士研究生，研究方向为国际标准化。胡静，通信作者，副教授，研究方向为标准化、质量管理。