基于“幽灵外卖”案件的平台新业态监管执法创新实践研究

摘要：

【目的】针对“幽灵外卖”产业化、隐蔽化、跨区域违法带来的食品安全风险,以及传统监管碎片化、追责乏力、执法手段单一、监管效能不足等问题，研究适配平台新业态监管执法的理论体系及新型执法路径，以提升网络餐饮监管执法质效，构建常态化、规范化治理体系。【方法】以“幽灵外卖”监管执法典型案件为研究样本，采用文献研究法与案例分析法，归纳网络餐饮新业态违法特征与监管适配难题，从责任界定、监管模式、执法体系、协同治理4个维度梳理执法创新举措，提炼新型规范化治理范式。【结果】针对“幽灵外卖”的监管执法实践突破了传统“重商户、轻平台”的监管思维，形成了多项适配平台新业态的监管执法创新举措，有助于实现网络餐饮监管执法的全面升级，破解新业态监管难点，提升食品安全的监管成效。【结论】穿透式数字监管、双主体追责、全流程闭环执法、多主体协同共治作为化解新业态监管难题的有效路径，能够统筹平台经济发展与民生安全保障，为网络餐饮行业长效治理提供实践与理论借鉴。

Abstract:

[Objective] This study addresses food safety risks stemming from the industrialized, covert and cross-regional illegal operations of “ghost takeaways”, as well as prominent problems of traditional supervision such as fragmented governance, weak accountability, insufficient law enforcement tools and low regulatory efficiency. It explores the theoretical framework and innovative law enforcement paths for regulating new platform business formats, so as to boost the quality and efficiency of online catering supervision and law enforcement, and build a normalized and standardized governance system. [Methods] Taking typical supervision and law enforcement cases concerning “ghost takeaways” as research samples, this paper adopts the literature research method and case analysis method to summarize the illegal characteristics of new online catering business formats and matching regulatory challenges. It sorts out innovative law enforcement measures from four dimensions: responsibility definition, supervision mode, law enforcement system and collaborative governance, and develops new standardized governance paradigms. [Results] The study reveals that regulatory and law enforcement practices targeting “ghost takeaways” have broken through the traditional regulatory mindset of “valuing merchants over platforms”. A host of innovative regulatory and law enforcement measures tailored to new platform business formats have been formulated, which facilitate the effective advancement of online catering supervision and law enforcement, resolve regulatory challenges of new business formats, and boost the overall performance of food safety supervision and governance. [Conclusion] Penetrative digital supervision, dual-subject accountability, full-process closed-loop law enforcement and multi-stakeholder collaborative governance serve as effective approaches to addressing regulatory challenges of new business formats. They can coordinate the development of the platform economy and the protection of people’s livelihood safety, and provide practical and theoretical references for the long-term governance of the online catering industry.

引用格式：郑鹰，张雪飞. 基于“幽灵外卖”案件的平台新业态监管执法创新实践研究[J]. 标准化学报，2026(10)：45-52.

基金项目：本文受中国标准化研究院自有资金研发项目“平台经济治理支撑技术研究”（项目编号：552025Z-12972）；山西省科技攻关计划项目“面向基层治理的政务大数据服务的关键技术研发与应用示范”（项目编号：202302020101010）资助。

作者简介：郑鹰，本科，高级工程师，研究方向为平台经济治理标准化。张雪飞，博士，高级工程师，研究方向为平台经济治理标准化。