标准化在精密零件生产过程质量控制中的应用研究——基于H机械厂实践

摘要：

【目的】为解决精密零件生产过程质量控制中的不规范问题，提升企业竞争力，有必要探索标准化的应用路径。【方法】基于H机械厂的生产实践，综合运用直方图、因果图等质量管理工具，识别生产过程中A产品外径超差的成因及潜在风险因素，将标准化过程与PDCA循环相结合。【结果】A产品外径超差主要存在操作人员的质量意识差、操作水平低和加工过于保守等直接原因，以及在“人机料法环测”方面的潜在风险因素。建议基于5M1E制定标准化文件，对标准化文件的实施过程进行策划，检查实施效果，并进行适用有效性评价。【结论】标准化的应用能够解决现存的质量问题并预防潜在风险，期望为离散型制造企业规范生产过程和提高质量竞争力提供参考。

Abstract:

[Objective] To resolve non-standard issues in quality control for precision part manufacturing processes and enhance enterprise competitiveness, it is necessary to explore the application path of standardization. [Methods] Based on the production practice of H Machinery Factory, quality management tools such as histograms and cause-and-effect diagrams are comprehensively utilized to identify the causes and potential risk factors of exceeding dimensional tolerance in the outer diameter of Product A. The standardization process is integrated with the PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Act) cycle. [Results] The primary direct causes of exceeding dimensional tolerance in the outer diameter of Product A included poor quality awareness and low operation skills of operators, as well as overly conservative processing. Potential risk factors are identified across the “Man, Machine, Material, Method, Environment, Measurement” (5M1E). It is suggested to develop standardized documents based on 5M1E, plan the implementation process of these documents, check the implementation effectiveness, and conduct applicability and effectiveness evaluations. [Conclusion] The application of standardization can solve existing quality problems and prevent potential risks. It is expected to provide reference for discrete manufacturing enterprises in standardized production processes and improving quality competitiveness. 

引用格式：张倩，朱语豪，张念.标准化在精密零件生产过程质量控制中的应用研究—— 基于H机械厂实践[J].标准科学，2025(10):114-121.

基金项目：本文受广东省哲学社会科学规划项目“数字经济赋能‘新消费新业态’商业生态体系构建研究”（项目编号：GD23XGL054）；肇庆市哲学社会科学规划项目“新型工业化背景下肇庆市金属加工企业绿色创新能力评价及提升路径研究”（项目编号：25GJ-156）；广东理工学院校级科研项目“新质生产力背景下肇庆市金属加工企业绿色技术创新能力提升路径研究”（项目编号：2025QNSK010）资助。 

作者简介：张倩，硕士，讲师，研究方向为标准化与质量管理。 朱语豪，本科生，研究方向为产品制造标准化。 张念，通信作者，硕士，助教，研究方向为标准化与质量评价。