面向绿色转型的数字化标识可选数据载体与访问技术比较浅析

摘要：

【目的】随着全球绿色转型的加速，产品标识数字化成为促进绿色消费和产业低碳转型的重要支撑。【方法】本文立足全球标识数字化发展趋势，梳理各国绿色可持续标识实践案例，对比分析二维码、RFID、NFC、星闪等典型数据载体与访问技术的核心特性及应用差异。【结果】研究发现，全球标识已形成“物理标识+数字化载体”融合发展格局，我国在能效标识二维码应用、大湾区碳足迹标识数字化平台建设等方面积累了实践基础。不同技术适配场景存在显著差异，二维码凭借低成本、高普及率优势主导通用产品场景，RFID/NFC依托动态更新与高安全性适配工业监管、供应链追溯及高价值产品防伪溯源等场景，星闪技术以大容量存储、低时延特性满足智能制造装备等工业物联网全生命周期数据管理需求。【结论】研究认为，应通过构建分层分类技术适配体系、推进数据载体标准化建设、强化数据载体动态交互能力、平衡技术创新与应用便捷性，助力绿色可持续类标识数字化高效升级。

Abstract:

[Objective] With the accelerated global green transition, the digitalization of product labels has become a crucial pillar for promoting green consumption and low-carbon industrial transformation. [Methods] Based on the global development trend of label digitalization, this paper analyzes practical cases of green and sustainable labels from various countries, and conducts a comparative analysis of the core characteristics and application differences of typical data carriers and access technologies such as two-dimensional codes, RFID, NFC, and NearLink. [Results] The research finds that an integrated development pattern of “physical labels + digital carriers” has taken shape globally, and China has accumulated practical experience in the application of two-dimensional codes on energy efficiency labels and the construction of the digital carbon footprint label certification public service platform in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. Significant differences exist in the applicable scenarios of different technologies: two-dimensional codes dominate general product scenarios by virtue of their low cost and high popularity. RFID/NFC are suitable for industrial supervision, supply chain traceability, and anti-counterfeiting traceability of high-value products due to their dynamic update capability and high security. NearLink technology meets the full-lifecycle data management needs of industrial Internet of Things (IoT) such as intelligent manufacturing equipment with its large-capacity storage and low-latency characteristics. [Conclusion] The research concludes that China should promote the efficient digital upgrading of green and sustainable labels by establishing a hierarchical and classified technology adaptation framework, advancing the standardization of data carriers, enhancing the dynamic interaction capability of data carriers, and balancing technological innovation with application convenience.

引用格式：夏玉娟,刘荣宽,何源.面向绿色转型的数字化标识可选数据载体与访问技术比较浅析[J].标准科学,2025 (12):123-129.

基金项目：本文受国家市场监督管理总局重点实验室（能效水效及绿色化）开放基金“欧盟可持续产品倡议（SPI对）中国的影响及本土化数字产品护照实现路径研究项目”（项目编号：2023SYSKF01002）资助。

作者简介：夏玉娟，通信作者，博士，副研究员，研究方向为节能减排标准化。刘荣宽，博士，高级工程师，研究方向为信息通信技术标准化。何源，博士，助理研究员，研究方向为节能减排标准化。