国内外长输管道安全管理对标及差异性分析

摘要：

【目的】鉴于油气长输管道在国家能源供应安全中的重要性，以及我国长输管道相关法规标准对安全管理和体系建设的要求与欧美国家仍存在一定差距，标准比对旨在明确国内长输管道安全防控技术存在的不足及未来发展方向。【方法】采用文献调研与对标分析的方法，重点分析美国、欧盟、俄罗斯与中国在长输油气管道安全管理中设计系数、地区等级划分、管道选材、施工要求、服役安全管理等关键指标的差异。【结果】研究发现，各个国家或地区的标准设计理念各有特色。欧美强调技术先导和系统协调性，监管机构集中独立；俄罗斯相对保守，极寒气候条件下管道的质量安全要求高；我国标准注重与国际接轨和本土特色化发展，仍存在监管职权分散、标准协调不一的情况。【结论】今后我国应重点解决长输管道安全管理中发现的新问题，优化安全监管体系，从技术上协调升级相关技术标准，推动长输管道安全管理水平的全面提升。

Abstract:

[Objective] Given the significance of transmission oil and gas pipeline in national energy supply security and the fact that there is still a certain gap between the requirements for safety management and system construction in China’s transmission pipeline regulatory standards and those in Europe and the United States, the comparison of standards aims to clarify the deficiencies in domestic transmission pipeline safety prevention and control technologies and their future development directions. [Methods] Using the methods of literature research and comparison analysis, this paper focuses on the differences of key indicators such as design coefficient, regional classification, pipeline material selection, construction requirements and service safety management in the safety management of transmission oil and gas pipeline between the United States, the European Union, Russia and China. [Results] The research has found that the design concepts of national standards in various countries have their own characteristics. In Europe and the U.S., emphasis is placed on technological leadership and system coordination, and regulatory authorities are centralized and independent. Russia is relatively conservative, and the quality and safety requirements for pipelines under extremely cold climate conditions are high. China’s standards focus on aligning with international standards and have local characteristics. However, there are still problems such as scattered regulatory authorities and inconsistent coordination of standards. [Conclusion] In the future, China should focus on addressing the new problems discovered in the safety management of transmission pipeline, optimize the safety supervision system, coordinate and upgrade relevant technical standards from a technical perspective, and improve the overall safety management level of transmission pipeline.

引用格式：孙立刚,王涛,冷绪林,等.国内外长输管道安全管理对标及差异性分析[J].标准科学,2025(12):56-65.

基金项目：本文受国家市场监督管理总局特种设备安全与节能技术委员会软科学研究课题“国内外特种设备监察和检验模式对比研究”（项目编号：AJW-2024-06）；国家石油天然气管网集团有限公司科学研究与技术开发项目“压力管道（长输管道）法规体系对标和在役管道安全管理技术研究”（项目编号：J-24-D08）资助。

作者简介：孙立刚，本科，高级工程师，研究方向为长输管道设计和设计管理咨询。