企业技术创新合作网络的结构及其演化——中国制造业国家标准研制的视角

摘要：

企业技术创新能力是实现高质量发展的关键基石。标准作为企业技术创新能力的一类直接载体和重要表现，在产业发展过程中起到不可替代的作用。企业在参与标准研制过程中的合作创新是其获取知识、提高技术创新能力的重要途径，由此形成的企业技术创新网络对于信息和创新的扩散、技术和知识的交流非常重要。本文基于1978-2018年制造业领域相关的国家标准数据，利用社会网络分析方法研究制造业技术标准合作网络的结构及演化过程。分析结果表明：制造业技术标准发展迅速，越来越重视合作研制；企业参与制造业技术标准的积极性显著提高，在合作网络中的作用与地位越来越突出；合作网络规模扩张迅速，以企业间网络为主，与其他类型主体的合作较少；制造业技术标准合作网络的地区差异明显，以北上广等一线城市及沿海省份居多；不同标准类型的合作网络存在差异，强制性标准合作网络发展较为成熟，企业的主体地位明显，推荐性标准网络相对稀疏，科研院所发挥主要作用。

Abstract:

The technological innovation ability of enterprises is the key cornerstone to achieve high quality development. As a kind of direct carrier and important expression of enterprise technological innovation ability, standards play an irreplaceable role in the process of industrial development. Cooperative innovation in the process of standards development is an important way for enterprises to acquire knowledge and improve their technological innovation capabilities, the enterprise technological innovation network formed by it is very important for the diffusion of information and innovation as well as the exchange of technology and knowledge. Based on the data of national standards in the manufacturing sector from 1978 to 2018, this paper studies the structure and evolution of manufacturing technical standard cooperation network by using social network analysis method. The analysis results show that: the development of manufacturing technology standards is very rapid, and more and more attention is paid to the cooperative research; The enthusiasm of enterprises to participate in manufacturing technology standards has been significantly improved, and the role and status of enterprises in the cooperation network has become more and more prominent; the scale of cooperation network expands rapidly, which is dominated by inter-enterprise network and less with other types of entities; there are obvious regional differences in the cooperation network of manufacturing technology standards, most of which are in the first-tier cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and the coastal provinces; There are differences among the cooperative networks of different types of standards. The cooperative networks of mandatory standards are more mature, the dominant position of enterprises is obvious, the voluntary standard networks are relatively sparse, and the scientific research institutes play a major role.

基金项目：本文受国家自然科学基金项目“中国经济发展中标准化的效益与贡献：可计算集成驱动模型的研究”（项目编号：71871211）、国家重点研发计划项目“可持续发展的新型城镇化共性及综合评价技术研究”（项目编号：2018YFF0215801）、中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院基金项目（项目编号：Y8X1061Q01）资助。

作者简介：熊文，副教授，研究方向为经济计算与区域科学。王岳华，硕士研究生，研究方向为标准经济。孙翊，通讯作者，创新研究员，研究方向为公共政策管理、标准经济学及政策模拟。