论民事供用电合同供电人的计量义务及制度配置

摘要：

供用电合同中交易标的物和数量的处理确定都要依靠专业的计量设备、计量技术和计量过程等，因此计量要素成为了供用电中的核心内容。但是在《民法典》以及《计量法》中都没有供电计量要素的直观表达，本文通过解释分析供电人的计量义务发现这并非立法上的“忽略”，民事层面未作规定是因为相关义务可以在合同关系中内化，而计量领域法层面是因为将供电计量问题归入了计量特殊领域。供用电相关制度的配置都应当与《民法典》配合衔接，《计量法》修订中可以对供电计量器具的配备和管理进行细化规定，但是站在“大计量”立法定位以及整个制度背景下，这种规定可能冲击计量法律体系。

Abstract:

The processing and qualification of the subject matter and quantity of the transaction in the power supply contract all depend on professional metering equipment, metering technology and metering process, so the metering elements have become the core content of the power supply and consumption. However, there is no direct expression of power supply measurement elements in the Civil Code and the Metrology Law. By explaining and analyzing the power supplier’s measurement obligations, it finds that this is not legislative “neglect”. There is no provision at the civil level because the relevant obligations can be internalized in the contract relationship, while at the legal level in the field of metrology, the problem of power supply measurement is classified into a special field. The configuration of relevant systems of power supply and consumption should be coordinated with the Civil Code. The revision of the Metrology Law can provide detailed provisions on the equipment and management of power supply metering instruments. However, in the context of “large metrology” legislation and the whole system, such provisions may impact the metrology legal system.

基金项目：本文系国家重点研发计划项目“国家质量基础多要素综合应用示范及体系架构演进研究”课题五“新形势下中国NQI治理体系新架构与服务模式演进研究”（项目编号：2019YFF0216805）阶段性研究成果。作者简介：罗琪，中国计量大学法学院研究生，硕士，研究方向为民商法、标准化法。