论标准必要专利许可FRAND与否的考量因素

摘要：

标准必要专利许可FRAND与否的判断对解决全球范围内日渐增长的各类标准必要专利法律纠纷都具有根本意义。FRAND是由标准化组织在实践中自发探索形成并得到各国法律确认的标准必要专利许可原则，其旨在同时促进标准技术创新和标准应用普及，具有防止“专利劫持”与“反向劫持”的利益平衡功能，被深刻镶嵌在专利法、合同法与反垄断法之间。公平合理原则的考量既包括许可谈判过程中的行为是否诚信，也关注许可费的计算数据是否真实、计算方法是否科学，以及是否存在搭售、回授许可和限制经营等许可条件。无歧视原则的考量主要关注“处于类似情境的被许可人”是否获得了类似的许可费和其他许可条件，中间产品或零部件的供应商是否获得了许可，保密协议是否不当限制了需要披露的信息。

Abstract:

The judgment of whether the license of SEPs FRAND has fundamental significance to the solution of extremely growing SEP legal disputes worldwide. FRAND is the principle of SEP license which was spontaneously explored by standardization organizations in practice and recognized by laws of different countries. It aims to promote standards technological innovation and standards applications, and has the function of preventing “patent hold up”and“hold out”, which is deeply embedded in the patent law, the contract law and the antitrust law. The consideration of fair and reasonable principle includes not only the good faith of the behavior in the process of license negotiation, but also whether the calculation data of license fee is true, whether the calculation method is scientific, and whether there are license conditions such as tie-in, grant back and restricted operation. The consideration of non-discrimination principle focuses on whether “licensees in similar situations” receive similar licensing fees and other licensing conditions, whether suppliers of intermediate products or components are licensed, and whether non-disclosure agreements improperly limit the information that needs to be disclosed.

基金项目：本文受国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“17-19世纪英国自由传统与专利制度的演进研究”（项目编号：19FFXB077）资助。

作者简介：李宗辉，南京航空航天大学副研究员，法学博士，研究方向为知识产权法。