科技创新产出对空调龙头企业发展影响研究

摘要：

本文以格力、美的和海尔为研究对象，基于2011-2020年三家空调企业相关数据，运用皮尔逊相关分 析、文献计量分析和DEA-Malmquist指数模型3种方法分析科技创新成果产出对企业经营状况的影响，研究发现：（1）三家空调企业的科技创新产出与毛利率和营业收入都呈正相关，其中发明专利授权量与毛利率呈显著正相关。（2）三家空调企业的发文作者合作网络虽已初步成型，但合作程度低；产学研的合作有待加强；空调企业需要在节能减排、智能家居等领域重点发展，以此赢得竞争优势。（3）海尔科技创新成果转化效率相较于格力、美的比较高，技术进步指数低是空调企业科技创新成果转化率不高的主要影响因素。

Abstract:

Based on the relevant data of three air-conditioning enterprises, Gree, Midea and Haier, from 2011 to 2020, this paper takes the three enterprises as the research objects, and uses Pearson correlation analysis, Bibliometric analysis and DEA-Malmquist model to analyze the impact on the output of scientific and technological innovation achievements against the operation of enterprises, the results show that: (1) The scientific and technological innovation output of the three enterprises is positive with gross profit margin and operating income, and the amount of invention patent authorization is positive with gross profit margin significantly. (2) The author cooperation network has been formed, but the cooperation depth is low. Besides, the collaboration among enterprises, universities and research institutes needs to be strengthened, and air conditioning enterprises need to focus on energy conservation and emission reduction, smart home and other fields to win competitive advantages. (3) The transformation efficiency of Haier’s scientific and technological innovation achievements is higher than that of Gree and Midea, and the low technological progress index is the main influencing factor influencing the low conversion rate of scientific and technological innovation achievements in air conditioning enterprises.

基金项目：本文受国家自然科学基金资助项目“智能制造情景下故障模式及影响分析方法研究”（项目编号：72001196）；浙江省自然科学基金资助项目“基于FMEA改进模型的智慧城市信息安全风险评估研究”（项目编号：LQ21G010004）资助。

作者简介：黄敏浩，硕士研究生，研究方向为质量管理与标准化工程。姚启明，硕士研究生，研究方向为创新与标准化。宋明顺，教授，博士，研究方向为标准化与质量管理。黄佳，通讯作者，副教授，博士，研究方向为质量管理与标准化工程。