产业标准系统研究——产业实践中以及标准化组织中的标准系统

摘要：

本文提出了两类标准系统：一类标准系统存在于产业运行实践中，另一类存在于标准化组织之中。一方面，从产业运行的视角来看，产业实践中的标准系统还可分为企业标准系统和产业生态中的标准系统。企业标准系统大部分由企业自己制定的标准组成，同时也采用外部标准化组织的标准。供应链上下游不同企业的标准系统则形成了产业链中的标准系统，其中的技术和管理接口标准在企业之间、产业链之间发挥着连接作用，进而形成了产业生态标准系统。另一方面，由于企业都是独立的市场主体，它们之间必然处于一种自我协调和自治理的状态。标准化组织的标准需求来源于企业并实施于企业，但形成的标准系统却相对独立。笔者对产业实践中以及标准化组织中标准系统的产生、特征以及它们之间的关系进行了考察和讨论。

Abstract:

This paper proposes that there are two types of standards systems for industry. One kind of standards system exists in industry, another kind of standards system exists in standardization organizations. The standards system existing in the industry can also be divided into enterprise standards system and standards system in the industrial chain. Enterprise standards have their own system, which is composed of standards developed by enterprises themselves, and also the standards from external standardization organizations. On the other hand, the standards systems of different enterprises upstream and downstream of the industrial supply chain can form a larger standards system, in which the technical and management interface standards play a connecting role between enterprises. However, since enterprises are independent market entities, they are bound to be in a state of self-coordination and self-governance. The standard requirements of standardization organizations originate from enterprises, and such standards are implemented in enterprises, but the standards system formed in standardization organizations is relatively independent. In this paper, the origin, characteristics and the relationship between the standards systems in the industry and the standards systems in the standardization organizations are investigated and discussed.

基金项目：本文受到国家社科基金重大项目“中国标准治理与全球贸易规则重构研究”（项目编号：17ZDA099）资助。

作者简介：王平，研究员，原中国标准化研究院副总工程师，重点研究方向为标准化历史和基本原理、标准化与创新、企业标准化以及国际标准化等。赵文慧，副研究员，重点研究方向为标准化战略与政策。