德国质量治理体系研究

摘要：

德国质量治理体系发展日趋成熟，造就了“德国制造”即高品质的美誉，成效显著。德国质量治理体系综合文化、科技要素及其所处的国际组织角色，形成独特的法律体系、组织体系和制度体系，呈现出政企分离、独立监管、内外融贯、协同治理的应用模式。本文梳理了体系的建立、发展和构成，并通过分析各方在质量治理体系中的作用描述了德国质量治理体系架构。最后，基于该体系实践的成功经验，提出在文化引领、创新驱动、人才保障的基础上，结合“一带一路”倡议，通过国家质量基础设施（NQI）共建共享机制、法律并行机制、制度互认机制，并通过组织机构之间的开放与协同，实现内外双循环的质量治理模式，构建具有中国特色的质量治理体系。

Abstract:

The quality governance system in Germany has become increasingly mature, which has created the good reputation of products made in Germany with high quality. The quality governance system in Germany with comprehensive cultural and technological elements as well as its role in international organizations, has formed a unique legal system, organizational system, and institutional system. And it presents the application model of separate governance between government and enterprises, independent regulation, internal and external integration, and collaborative governance. This paper reviews the establishment, development, and composition of the German quality governance system, and describes its architecture by analyzing the roles of all parties in the system. Finally, based on the successful experience of this system, combined with the development strategy of countries along the Belt and Road and based on cultural leadership, innovation driven, and talent protection principles, it proposes to establish a co-construction, sharing mechanism of national quality infrastructure (NQI) with mutual recognition of laws and institutions. It proposes to achieve an internal and external loop quality governance model through open and collaborative organizational mechanism. All of those will build a quality governance system with Chinese characteristics in the end.

基金项目：本文受国家社会科学基金重大项目“推动高质量发展的质量治理体系与政策研究”（项目编号：18ZDA079）、国家自然科学基金项目“个人市场策略下产品配置信息个性化组织模式与动态适配机制研究”（项目编号：52175257）、国家重点研发计划项目“面向基层市场监管的侵权假冒商品取证与数字执法关键技术研究及应用”（项目编号：2021YFC3340400）资助。

作者简介：徐新胜，中国计量大学质量与安全工程学院教授，研究方向为质量管理。