程序员编写代码产生标准？——算法标准在服务过程中进行控制的内在逻辑

摘要：

本文首先梳理学术界对标准和标准化基本概念、基本理论以及关于算法标准的研究现状，然后在此基础上讨论源代码、算法和标准，以及算法标准的特性。作者结合标准、标准化的基本概念指出，软件系统服务的解决方案通过算法固化为标准，一方面对系统本身进行规制，另一方面也对服务对象进行规制，属于软件开发企业的私有标准；算法标准具有黑箱特性和社会渗透性。然后作者考察了4个算法标准案例：电商平台、CAD软件、医院挂号及就诊管理系统、交通信号灯与健康码。作者通过讨论认为，算法标准在微观层面发挥协调和控制的作用，在各个领域控制人的社会生活，而且是私有标准大行其道。作者还讨论了软件开源带来的标准化体制变迁。

Abstract:

This paper first reviews the basic concepts and theories of standards and standardization and the research status of algorithmic standards in the academic world, and then discusses the source code, algorithms and standards, as well as the characteristics of algorithmic standards. In combination with the basic concepts of standard and standardization, this paper points out that the solution of software system service is solidified as the standard by the algorithm. On the one hand, it regulates the system itself, and on the other hand, it also regulates the service object, which belongs to the private standard of software development enterprises. The algorithm standard has the characteristics of black box and social permeability. It also examines four standard algorithm cases: e-commerce platform, CAD software, hospital registration and treatment management system, traffic lights and health code. Through discussion, it puts forward that the algorithm standard plays the role of coordination and control at the micro level, and controls people’s social life in various fields, and private standards are prevailing, and discusses the change of standardization system brought about by open source software.

基金项目：本文受国家科技创新2030—“新一代人工智能”重大项目（项目编号：2020AAA0105300）资助。

作者简介：王平，研究员，原中国标准化研究院副总工程师，重点研究方向为标准化历史和基本原理、标准化与创新、企业标准化以及国际标准化等。梁正，经济学博士，清华大学公共管理学院教授，人工智能治理研究中心主任，人工智能国际治理研究院副院长，中国科技政策研究中心副主任；主要研究方向为标准与知识产权、研发全球化、国家创新体系理论与实践、新兴技术治理；发表中英文论文近百篇，出版专著和参编著作十余部。