我国应急避难场所标准体系构建研究

摘要：

开展标准化工作是提升应急避难场所建设工作质量和管理方式的重要措施，同时也是强化应急避难场所高质量建设的有效途径，然而我国尚未构建系统完善的应急避难场所标准体系。本文通过梳理我国应急避难场所现状，分析了应急避难场所建设管理存在的不足，根据标准体系构建的原则和方法，构建包含基础通用标准子体系、设计建设标准子体系、管护使用标准子体系、效果评价标准子体系在内的应急避难场所标准体系框架，并提出标准体系建设实施措施，以期为我国应急避难场所建设、防灾减灾标准化工作提供参考依据。

Abstract:

Carrying out standardization work is an important measure to improve the quality of emergency shelters construction and management mode, and also an effective way to strengthen the high-quality construction of emergency shelters. However, China has not yet built a systematic and sound emergency shelter standards system. By sorting out the current situation of emergency shelters in China, this paper analyzes the deficiencies in the construction and management of emergency shelters. According to the principles and methods of standards system construction, the framework of emergency shelters standards system is established, which includes the basic common standards sub-system, design and construction standards sub-system, management and use standards sub-system, and effect evaluation standards sub-system. It also puts forward the standards system construction implementation measures, in order to provide reference for the construction of emergency shelters, and standardization work of disaster prevention and reduction.

基金项目：本项目受国家重点研发计划“典型灾害情景下突发事件应对数字化关键标准研究与应用”（项目编号：2021YFF0600400）资助。

作者简介：周倩，实习研究员，研究方向为公共安全标准化。屈莹，助理研究员，研究方向为公共安全标准化。秦挺鑫，通信作者，研究员，研究方向为公共安全标准化。