欧盟数字产品护照（DPP）标准化路径及其对金砖优品码发展的启示

摘要：

【目的】在欧盟数字产品护照（DPP）由区域监管工具加快向国际标准议程延伸的背景下，系统分析其标准化推进路径、机制特征及跨境治理效应，并探讨其对金砖优品码发展的借鉴意义。【方法】采用比较案例研究与过程追踪方法，以欧盟DPP为核心案例、金砖优品码为参照对象，围绕“制度驱动力—标准化路径—互操作治理—跨境采信效应”的分析框架，考察DPP从法规嵌入、标准研制到国际接续的演进链条。【结果】DPP形成了“法规牵引—标准交付—监管嵌入—国际接续”的路径，通过统一数据要求、责任链安排和互操作接口强化跨境合规与准入型采信；金砖优品码则呈现“平台先行—场景验证—规则沉淀—网络扩展”的发展特征，更强调服务整合、伙伴协作与应用扩散。【结论】中国应围绕最小可采信证据集、检测认证接口、编码与数据交换规则推进金砖优品码标准化升级，增强与国际数字护照体系的互操作能力，提升跨境采信与规则应对水平。

Abstract:

[Objective] Against the backdrop where the EU Digital Product Passport (DPP) is rapidly extending from a regional regulatory instrument to the international standardization agenda, this paper systematically analyzes its standardization pathway, mechanistic characteristics and cross-border governance effects, and explores its implications for the development of the BRICS U Code. [Methods] This study adopts the methods of comparative case study and process tracing. Taking the EU DPP as the core case and the BRICS U Code as a comparative reference case, it examines the evolutionary chain of the DPP from regulatory embeddedness and standard development to international alignment, centering on the analytical framework of “institutional driving force–standardization path–interoperability governance–cross-border acceptance effect”. [Results] The DPP has formed a four-stage development path of “regulation-led traction, standard-enabled delivery, regulatory embeddedness, and international alignment”, which strengthens cross-border compliance and access-oriented accreditation through unified data requirements, chain of responsibility arrangements, and interoperability interfaces. In contrast, the BRICS U Code presents development features of “platform-first deployment, scenario-based verification, rule crystallization, and network expansion”, with a stronger focus on service integration, partner collaboration and application proliferation. [Conclusion] China should advance the standardization upgrading of the BRICS U Code centering on the minimum admissible evidence set, testing and certification interfaces, as well as coding and data exchange rules, so as to enhance its interoperability with the international digital passport system, and improve its capacity for cross-border accreditation and international rule response.

引用格式：董晓媛，杨朔. 欧盟数字产品护照 (DPP) 标准化路径及其对金砖优品码发展的启示[J]. 标准化学报，2026 (6):118-130.

基金项目：本文受中国标准化协会服务贸易分会资助项目“重点产业标准化现状趋势和发展建议研究”（项目编号：FMBZH-2511）资助。

作者简介：董晓媛，通信作者，硕士，助理研究员，研究方向为跨境电商、数字贸易与联络服务领域标准化。杨朔，博士，副研究员，研究方向为商贸领域服务标准化、供应链安全与韧性标准化、法商融合标准化。