以旧换新规模化背景下智能家电闭环治理的证据互认标准化研究

摘要：

【目的】识别以旧换新规模化背景下智能家电闭环治理中跨主体证据互认的关键断点，提出应优先标准化的公共规则层对象，为补贴核验、回收分级、规范处置与再流通背书提供标准化支撑。【方法】结合规范性文本分析与业务链场景分析，选取地方“两新”实施安排及典型执行端要求作为制度约束。沿“收旧—分拣—拆解资源化—翻新/再制造—再利用”链条识别高频断点，进而抽象出跨主体必须共享的公共规则层标准化对象。【结果】提出5项优先标准化对象，即统一身份、循环信息最小集、回收分级核验、翻新/再制造一致性评价与合格评定、信息清除/擦除检验证明与抽样核验规则。【结论】在规模化以旧换新情境下，标准化工作的重点应转向“跨主体证据互认能力建设”，通过固化公共规则层证据口径支撑去重、采信、抽样核验与追责的低协作成本闭环治理。

Abstract:

[Objective] The study aims to identify the key bottlenecks in cross-party evidence interoperability in the closed-loop governance of smart appliances under large-scale trade-in programs, and to propose the priority public-rulelayer standardization objects for subsidy verification, recycling classification, compliant treatment, and recirculation endorsement. [Methods] This paper combines normative text analysis with business-chain scenario analysis, using typical front-line execution requirements as institutional constraints. Along the chain of “collection—sorting—dismantling and resource recovery—refurbishment/remanufacturing—reuse”, it identifi es high-frequency breakpoints and further abstracts standardized objects at the public-rule layer that must be shared across parties. [Results] Five priority standardization objects are proposed: a unifi ed identity; a minimum set of circularity information; verifi cation of recycling classifi cation; consistency evaluation and conformity assessment for refurbishment/remanufacturing; and inspection certificates plus sampling verification rules for data/information removal and erasure. [Conclusion] In the context of large-scale trade-in programs, the focus of standardization should shift toward “building cross-party capabilities for mutual recognition of evidence”. By institutionalizing evidence criteria at the public-rule layer, low-coordination-cost closed-loop governance can be achieved to support de-duplication, evidence acceptance, sampling verifi cation, and accountability.

引用格式：张驰，庄伟玮，翦文斌. 以旧换新规模化背景下智能家电闭环治理的证据互认标准化研究[J]. 标准化学报，2026 (7)：68-75.

作者简介：张驰，硕士研究生，高级工程师，研究方向为公共关系及标准化。庄伟玮，通信作者，高级工程师，研究方向为智能家电标准化。