低空经济背景下氢能无人机标准体系构建研究

摘要：

【目的】氢能无人机凭借长航时、零排放的特点，成为推动低空经济向绿色化、高端化迈进的重要力量，但是关键技术环节标准缺失、标准体系不健全等问题较为突出，制约了行业的技术协同和市场拓展。【方法】在梳理国内外政策、标准和产业应用资料的基础上，采用标准文本比对、产业链环节分解、标准图谱和需求分析方法，建立“产业问题—技术需求—标准需求”的分析链条，并从覆盖度、适配性和优先级3个维度识别标准缺口。【结果】构建了涵盖基础通用、氢安全及储供氢系统、燃料电池航空动力系统、整机集成与测试、运行安全与场景服务、地面保障与数字接口共6个特色模块的标准体系框架，形成标准覆盖矩阵和重点标准研制清单。【结论】氢能无人机标准体系建设应突破一般低空经济标准框架的简单套用，重点围绕氢安全、航空级储氢系统、燃料电池动力系统、适航认证、运行许可和加氢保障等特色环节开展标准供给，并通过国际标准跟踪、同步转化和新工作项提案等方式提升我国标准话语权。

Abstract:

[Objective] Hydrogen-powered unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have features of long endurance and no emissions, and therefore become a significant player in the green development and high-end of the low-altitude economy. Nevertheless, the absence of standards in main technical connections and the unfinished standards system are the acute problems that hinder technological cooperation and market growth in the industry. [Methods] In light of a survey of both the domestic and international policies, standards, and applications of industries, comparative analysis of standard texts, decomposition of industrial chain segments, standards mapping and demand analysis were used as methods. An analytical chain of industry problems—technical requirements—standard requirements was created, and standard gaps were determined in three areas: coverage, suitability, and priority. [Results] Six different modules of the standards system framework have been developed, including fundamental principles and general provisions, hydrogen safety and hydrogen storage and supply systems, fuel cell aviation power systems, full-aircraft integration and testing, operation safety and scenario-based services, and ground support and digital interface. A standard coverage matrix and a list of key standards that need to be developed were also produced. [Conclusion] The creation of a hydrogen-powered UAV standards system cannot remain at the level of mere replication of the overall low-altitude economy standards system. The standardization process must focus on specific features like hydrogen safety, aviation-grade hydrogen storage tanks, fuel cell power systems, airworthiness certification, operational permits, and hydrogen refueling assistance. Moreover, the international standards should be tracked, the synchronous conversion should be promoted, and the new work item proposals submitted, in order to enhance China’s voice in the international standards.

引用格式：袁照路，徐慧，王细凤，等. 低空经济背景下氢能无人机标准体系构建研究[J]. 标准化学报，2026（9）：72-80.

基金项目：本文受辽宁省市场监督管理局2024年科技计划项目“标准化助力氢能产业高质量发展研究及标准制定”（项目编号：2024ZC002）资助。

作者简介：袁照路，硕士，高级工程师，研究方向为工业和农业领域标准化。